The EU AI Act, country by country.
The Regulation applies uniformly across the Union, but enforcement does not. Each Member State designates its own notifying and market surveillance authorities, runs its own penalty procedures under Article 99, and moves at its own pace on the regulatory sandboxes required by Article 57. These pages track, country by country, who enforces, what has been designated so far, and what national implementation adds on top of the Regulation.
32 guides
EU AI Act
32 guides- EU AI Act Czech Republic: How It AppliesThe EU AI Act applies directly in the Czech Republic, no national law needed. Covers the Annex I product route for automotive and machinery AI, plus fines.
- EU AI Act in Austria: Authorities, Obligations & TimelineEU AI Act applies in Austria without transposition. RTR KI-Servicestelle advises; authority designation pending. Penalties to €35M. Dec 2027 deadline.
- EU AI Act in Belgium: Authorities & ObligationsBelgium's BIPT/IBPT is the proposed EU AI Act market surveillance authority. Covers 21 Article 77 bodies, GDPR overlap, penalties, and Dec 2027 deadline.
- EU AI Act in Bulgaria: Authorities, Enforcement & DeadlinesBulgaria has not yet designated its EU AI Act authority. The pending set-up, the CPDP's role, penalties, and the Dec 2027 high-risk date.
- EU AI Act in Croatia: Authorities, Penalties, DeadlinesCroatia missed the EU AI Act authority deadline; AZOP leads on data protection. Roles, penalties and the Dec 2027 high-risk date for companies.
- EU AI Act in Cyprus: Authorities, Enforcement & DeadlinesCyprus designated its EU AI Act authorities early: the Commissioner of Communications leads, the DPA co-supervises. Roles, penalties, Dec 2027 deadline.
- EU AI Act in Denmark: Authority & ComplianceHow the EU AI Act applies in Denmark: directly applicable, no transposition, EU-wide deadlines, the Article 70 authority designation. What Danish firms do now.
- EU AI Act in Estonia: Who Enforces It & What to DoEstonia is set to name the TTJA as AI Act authority, with the AKI on data. Who enforces it, the penalties, and the 2027 high-risk timeline.
- EU AI Act in Finland: Public-Sector AI ObligationsHow the EU AI Act applies in Finland: directly applicable, EU-wide deadlines, Article 70 authorities, and why public-sector AI widens the high-risk frame.
- EU AI Act in France: CNIL, Enforcement & ObligationsEU AI Act applies directly in France. CNIL and DGCCRF proposed as enforcers. Covers penalties, GDPR overlap, and Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- EU AI Act in Germany: Enforcement, Authorities & ObligationsGermany's Bundesnetzagentur leads EU AI Act enforcement via the KI-MIG. Covers authority roles, GDPR overlap, penalties, and Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- EU AI Act in Hungary: Act LXXV of 2025 & Who Enforces ItHungary's Act LXXV of 2025 makes the enterprise-development minister (the National Economy Minister) its AI Act authority. NAIH, penalties, Dec 2027.
- EU AI Act in Iceland: EEA Status and Reach (2026)Iceland is in the EEA, but as of mid-2026 the EU AI Act is not yet incorporated. Article 2 still binds Icelandic companies selling AI into the EU today.
- EU AI Act in Ireland: Enforcement, Authorities & ObligationsIreland designated 15 AI Act competent authorities and is creating the AI Office of Ireland by Aug 2026. DPC role, enforcement, penalties, and deadlines.
- EU AI Act in Italy: Law 132/2025, AgID and ACNItaly's Law 132/2025 names ACN and AgID as AI Act authorities. Covers enforcement, penalties, GDPR overlap, and the Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- EU AI Act in Latvia: Authorities, Enforcement & DeadlinesLatvia's EU AI Act roles are planned — VARAM coordinates, the Data State Inspectorate covers high-risk AI — but the binding designation is still pending.
- EU AI Act in Liechtenstein: EEA Reach (2026)Liechtenstein is in the EEA, but the EU AI Act is not yet incorporated as of mid-2026. Article 2 still binds its firms selling AI into the EU market today.
- EU AI Act in Lithuania: RRT, Authorities & Deadlines (2026)Lithuania named the RRT as its EU AI Act authority and the Innovation Agency as notifying body. Roles, penalties, the sandbox and the Dec 2027 date.
- EU AI Act in Malta: The MDIA, Enforcement & DeadlinesMalta named the MDIA as its EU AI Act market surveillance authority via LN 226/2025. The MDIA and IDPC roles, penalties, and the Dec 2027 deadline.
- EU AI Act in Norway: EEA Application ExplainedHow the EU AI Act reaches Norway through the EEA Agreement, why Article 2 catches Norwegian companies on the EU market now, and what to do before incorporation.
- EU AI Act in Poland: Enforcement, Authorities & ObligationsPoland's EU AI Act enforcer KRiBSI is proposed but not yet enacted. Covers obligations, GDPR overlap, penalties, and the Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- EU AI Act in Portugal: ANACOM, Authorities & ObligationsANACOM leads EU AI Act enforcement in Portugal, coordinating 14 authorities. Covers penalties, GDPR/FRIA overlap, and the Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- EU AI Act in Romania: A Guide for ExportersHow the EU AI Act applies in Romania — directly, no transposition. Why firms building AI for export carry provider duties under Article 16/25, plus penalties.
- EU AI Act in Slovakia: Authorities, Penalties, DeadlinesSlovakia has not yet designated its EU AI Act authority; MIRRI is earmarked in a draft bill. Roles, penalties and the Dec 2027 high-risk date.
- EU AI Act in Slovenia: ZIUDHPUI, Authorities & PenaltiesSlovenia's ZIUDHPUI act (in force Nov 2025) names five AI market-surveillance authorities. Roles, penalties and the Dec 2027 high-risk date.
- EU AI Act in Spain: AESIA, Enforcement & PenaltiesAESIA enforces the EU AI Act in Spain from A Coruña. Covers the draft Organic Law, AEPD overlap, Article 99 fines, and the Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- EU AI Act in Switzerland: Extraterritorial ReachSwitzerland is neither EU nor EEA, so the EU AI Act never becomes Swiss law. It binds Swiss companies only through Article 2 when they touch the EU market.
- EU AI Act in the UK: Post-Brexit Reach (2026)The EU AI Act is not UK law, but Article 2 still binds UK firms selling AI into the EU or whose output is used there. What Brexit changes, and doesn't.
- EU AI Act Netherlands: Authorities, Enforcement & PenaltiesAP and RDI proposed as Dutch AI Act supervisors via draft Implementation Act (Apr 2026). Covers authority roles, GDPR overlap, and Dec 2027 deadline.
- EU AI Act Sweden: Authorities, Enforcement & ObligationsSOU 2025:101 proposes PTS — not IMY — as Sweden's lead AI Act authority. Covers authority roles, GDPR overlap, penalties, and Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- The EU AI Act in Greece: Authorities and ObligationsHow the EU AI Act applies in Greece: which authorities supervise AI, penalties under Article 99, and the 2 Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
- The EU AI Act in Luxembourg: Authorities and ObligationsHow the EU AI Act applies in Luxembourg: CNPD as lead authority, CSSF's role in finance, penalties, and the 2 Dec 2027 high-risk deadline.
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